Scientists in Europe have identified genetic pathways and compounds capable of protecting cone photoreceptors from the degeneration that underlies conditions like age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Cone photoreceptors, concentrated in the macula, are essential for reading, recognising faces, and perceiving colours. Their death, as occurs in many inherited retinal diseases including macular degeneration, leads to the loss of central vision.

A new study, led by the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel and collaborators, tested more than 2,700 compounds in 20,000 human retinal organoids.1,2 Cone photoreceptors were selectively labelled, allowing their fate to be followed over time under controlled stress conditions that mimic disease. This approach enabled a systematic screen of compounds with known molecular targets.

While some compound classes were found to damage cones, several molecules were identified that protect cone photoreceptors from degeneration.

Clear patterns emerged: two kinase inhibitors consistently protected cones over extended periods. The protective effects held across different stress conditions and were further confirmed in a mouse model of retinal degeneration, supporting their broader relevance.

Beyond identifying protective pathways, the study makes a comprehensive dataset publicly available, covering the compounds tested, their molecular targets, and their effects on human cone survival.

This resource will guide the development of therapies aimed at preserving central vision and enable a systematic assessment of potential retinal toxicity.

References available at mivision.com.au.